This book examines and systematises the theoretical dimensions of paradiplomacy - the role of subnational governments in international relations. Throughout the world subnational governments play an active role in international relations by participating in international trade cultural missions and diplomatic relations with foreign powers. These governments including states in the USA and landers in Germany can sometimes even challenge the official foreign policy of their national government. These activities which are regularly promoting the subnational governmentâs interests have been labelled as âparadiplomacyâ. Through a systematisation of the different approaches in understanding constituent diplomacy the author constructs an integrative theoretical explanatory framework to guide research on regional governmentsâ involvement in international affairs. The framework is based on a multiple-response questionnaire technique (MRQ) which provides the matrix of possible answers on a set of key questions for paradiplomacy scholarship. This comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of paradiplomacy sheds light on the development of federalism and multi-level governance in a new global environment and contributes to the debates on the issue of 'actorness' in contemporary international affairs. This book will be of much interest to students of diplomacy federalism governance foreign policy and IR as well as practitioners of diplomacy. . Language: English